![]() Their net environmental impact is evaluated using the performance metric Utility Factor (UF), which quantifies the fraction of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) on electricity. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are an effective intermediate vehicle technology option in the long-term transition pathway towards light-duty vehicle electrification. The results of a case study show the effectiveness of the proposed mode shift map and energy management strategy. By combining the derived mode shift map and the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), a real-time control strategy is proposed for the online energy management of the multi-mode HEV. ![]() A mode shift map is then extracted from the operating points of the DP results using the support vector machine (SVM). In this study, the energy management algorithm of a multi-mode HEV is optimized using dynamic programming (DP) considering the mode shift frequency and energy losses. Similar to a gear shift map in conventional vehicles, the mode shift map in multi-mode HEVs needs to be properly designed. However, the introduction of multiple operating modes has led to some issues, e.g., mode shift problems, which are not observed in conventional HEVs with a single mode. Multi-mode hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have become popular in recent years because of their high efficiency and excellent overall performance.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |